Command Line Options
geth
As the Kairos project is a fork of the Geth project, it provides most of the command line options available in geth. You can obtain information and descriptions of these options by using the command line help in the Geth binary.
geth --help
NAME:
geth - the kairos command line interface
USAGE:
geth [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]
VERSION:
1.4.3-stable-d7024590
COMMANDS:
account Manage accounts
attach Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to node)
console Start an interactive JavaScript environment
db Low level database operations
dump Dump a specific block from storage
dumpconfig Export configuration values in a TOML format
dumpgenesis Dumps genesis block JSON configuration to stdout
export Export blockchain into file
export-history Export blockchain history to Era archives
import Import a blockchain file
import-history Import an Era archive
import-preimages Import the preimage database from an RLP stream
init Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block
js (DEPRECATED) Execute the specified JavaScript files
license Display license information
removedb Remove blockchain and state databases
show-deprecated-flags Show flags that have been deprecated
snapshot A set of commands based on the snapshot
verkle A set of experimental verkle tree management commands
version Print version numbers
version-check Checks (online) for known Geth security vulnerabilities
wallet Manage Ethereum presale wallets
help, h Shows a list of commands or help for one command
GLOBAL OPTIONS:
ACCOUNT
--allow-insecure-unlock (default: false) ($GETH_ALLOW_INSECURE_UNLOCK)
Allow insecure account unlocking when account-related RPCs are exposed by http
--keystore value ($GETH_KEYSTORE)
Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadir)
--lightkdf (default: false) ($GETH_LIGHTKDF)
Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength
--password value ($GETH_PASSWORD)
Password file to use for non-interactive password input
--pcscdpath value ($GETH_PCSCDPATH)
Path to the smartcard daemon (pcscd) socket file
--signer value ($GETH_SIGNER)
External signer (url or path to ipc file)
--unlock value ($GETH_UNLOCK)
Comma separated list of accounts to unlock
--usb (default: false) ($GETH_USB)
Enable monitoring and management of USB hardware wallets
ALIASED (deprecated)
--cache.trie.journal value ($GETH_CACHE_TRIE_JOURNAL)
Disk journal directory for trie cache to survive node restarts
--cache.trie.rejournal value (default: 0s) ($GETH_CACHE_TRIE_REJOURNAL)
Time interval to regenerate the trie cache journal
--light.egress value (default: 0) ($GETH_LIGHT_EGRESS)
Outgoing bandwidth limit for serving light clients (deprecated)
--light.ingress value (default: 0) ($GETH_LIGHT_INGRESS)
Incoming bandwidth limit for serving light clients (deprecated)
--light.maxpeers value (default: 0) ($GETH_LIGHT_MAXPEERS)
Maximum number of light clients to serve, or light servers to attach to
(deprecated)
--light.nopruning (default: false) ($GETH_LIGHT_NOPRUNING)
Disable ancient light chain data pruning (deprecated)
--light.nosyncserve (default: false) ($GETH_LIGHT_NOSYNCSERVE)
Enables serving light clients before syncing (deprecated)
--light.serve value (default: 0) ($GETH_LIGHT_SERVE)
Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requests (deprecated)
--log.backtrace value ($GETH_LOG_BACKTRACE)
Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (deprecated)
--log.debug (default: false) ($GETH_LOG_DEBUG)
Prepends log messages with call-site location (deprecated)
--metrics.expensive (default: false) ($GETH_METRICS_EXPENSIVE)
Enable expensive metrics collection and reporting (deprecated)
--mine (default: false) ($GETH_MINE)
Enable mining (deprecated)
--miner.etherbase value ($GETH_MINER_ETHERBASE)
0x prefixed public address for block mining rewards (deprecated)
--miner.newpayload-timeout value (default: 2s) ($GETH_MINER_NEWPAYLOAD_TIMEOUT)
Specify the maximum time allowance for creating a new payload (deprecated)
--nousb (default: false) ($GETH_NOUSB)
Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets (deprecated)
--txlookuplimit value (default: 2350000) ($GETH_TXLOOKUPLIMIT)
Number of recent blocks to maintain transactions index for (default = about one
year, 0 = entire chain) (deprecated, use history.transactions instead)
--v5disc (default: false) ($GETH_V5DISC)
Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism (deprecated, use
--discv5 instead)
--whitelist value ($GETH_WHITELIST)
Comma separated block number-to-hash mappings to enforce (<number>=<hash>)
(deprecated in favor of --eth.requiredblocks)
API AND CONSOLE
--authrpc.addr value (default: "localhost") ($GETH_AUTHRPC_ADDR)
Listening address for authenticated APIs
--authrpc.jwtsecret value ($GETH_AUTHRPC_JWTSECRET)
Path to a JWT secret to use for authenticated RPC endpoints
--authrpc.port value (default: 8551) ($GETH_AUTHRPC_PORT)
Listening port for authenticated APIs
--authrpc.vhosts value (default: "localhost") ($GETH_AUTHRPC_VHOSTS)
Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server
enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard.
--exec value ($GETH_EXEC)
Execute JavaScript statement
--graphql (default: false) ($GETH_GRAPHQL)
Enable GraphQL on the HTTP-RPC server. Note that GraphQL can only be started if
an HTTP server is started as well.
--graphql.corsdomain value ($GETH_GRAPHQL_CORSDOMAIN)
Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests
(browser enforced)
--graphql.vhosts value (default: "localhost") ($GETH_GRAPHQL_VHOSTS)
Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server
enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard.
--header value, -H value ($GETH_HEADER)
Pass custom headers to the RPC server when using --remotedb or the geth attach
console. This flag can be given multiple times.
--http (default: false) ($GETH_HTTP)
Enable the HTTP-RPC server
--http.addr value (default: "localhost") ($GETH_HTTP_ADDR)
HTTP-RPC server listening interface
--http.api value ($GETH_HTTP_API)
API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface
--http.corsdomain value ($GETH_HTTP_CORSDOMAIN)
Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests
(browser enforced)
--http.port value (default: 8545) ($GETH_HTTP_PORT)
HTTP-RPC server listening port
--http.rpcprefix value ($GETH_HTTP_RPCPREFIX)
HTTP path prefix on which JSON-RPC is served. Use '/' to serve on all paths.
--http.vhosts value (default: "localhost") ($GETH_HTTP_VHOSTS)
Comma separated list of virtual hostnames from which to accept requests (server
enforced). Accepts '*' wildcard.
--ipcdisable (default: false) ($GETH_IPCDISABLE)
Disable the IPC-RPC server
--ipcpath value ($GETH_IPCPATH)
Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it)
--jspath value (default: .) ($GETH_JSPATH)
JavaScript root path for `loadScript`
--preload value ($GETH_PRELOAD)
Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload into the console
--rpc.allow-unprotected-txs (default: false) ($GETH_RPC_ALLOW_UNPROTECTED_TXS)
Allow for unprotected (non EIP155 signed) transactions to be submitted via RPC
--rpc.batch-request-limit value (default: 1000) ($GETH_RPC_BATCH_REQUEST_LIMIT)
Maximum number of requests in a batch
--rpc.batch-response-max-size value (default: 25000000) ($GETH_RPC_BATCH_RESPONSE_MAX_SIZE)
Maximum number of bytes returned from a batched call
--rpc.enabledeprecatedpersonal (default: false) ($GETH_RPC_ENABLEDEPRECATEDPERSONAL)
Enables the (deprecated) personal namespace
--rpc.evmtimeout value (default: 5s) ($GETH_RPC_EVMTIMEOUT)
Sets a timeout used for eth_call (0=infinite)
--rpc.gascap value (default: 50000000) ($GETH_RPC_GASCAP)
Sets a cap on gas that can be used in eth_call/estimateGas (0=infinite)
--rpc.txfeecap value (default: 1) ($GETH_RPC_TXFEECAP)
Sets a cap on transaction fee (in ether) that can be sent via the RPC APIs (0 =
no cap)
--ws (default: false) ($GETH_WS)
Enable the WS-RPC server
--ws.addr value (default: "localhost") ($GETH_WS_ADDR)
WS-RPC server listening interface
--ws.api value ($GETH_WS_API)
API's offered over the WS-RPC interface
--ws.origins value ($GETH_WS_ORIGINS)
Origins from which to accept websockets requests
--ws.port value (default: 8546) ($GETH_WS_PORT)
WS-RPC server listening port
--ws.rpcprefix value ($GETH_WS_RPCPREFIX)
HTTP path prefix on which JSON-RPC is served. Use '/' to serve on all paths.
BEACON CHAIN
--beacon.api value ($GETH_BEACON_API)
Beacon node (CL) light client API URL. This flag can be given multiple times.
--beacon.api.header value ($GETH_BEACON_API_HEADER)
Pass custom HTTP header fields to the remote beacon node API in "key:value"
format. This flag can be given multiple times.
--beacon.checkpoint value ($GETH_BEACON_CHECKPOINT)
Beacon chain weak subjectivity checkpoint block hash
--beacon.config value ($GETH_BEACON_CONFIG)
Beacon chain config YAML file
--beacon.genesis.gvroot value ($GETH_BEACON_GENESIS_GVROOT)
Beacon chain genesis validators root
--beacon.genesis.time value (default: 0) ($GETH_BEACON_GENESIS_TIME)
Beacon chain genesis time
--beacon.nofilter (default: false) ($GETH_BEACON_NOFILTER)
Disable future slot signature filter
--beacon.threshold value (default: 342) ($GETH_BEACON_THRESHOLD)
Beacon sync committee participation threshold
DEVELOPER CHAIN
--dev (default: false) ($GETH_DEV)
Ephemeral proof-of-authority network with a pre-funded developer account, mining
enabled
--dev.gaslimit value (default: 11500000) ($GETH_DEV_GASLIMIT)
Initial block gas limit
--dev.period value (default: 0) ($GETH_DEV_PERIOD)
Block period to use in developer mode (0 = mine only if transaction pending)
ETHEREUM
--bloomfilter.size value (default: 2048) ($GETH_BLOOMFILTER_SIZE)
Megabytes of memory allocated to bloom-filter for pruning
--config value ($GETH_CONFIG)
TOML configuration file
--datadir value (default: /Users/syjn99/Library/OverProtocol) ($GETH_DATADIR)
Data directory for the databases and keystore
--datadir.ancient value ($GETH_DATADIR_ANCIENT)
Root directory for ancient data (default = inside chaindata)
--datadir.minfreedisk value ($GETH_DATADIR_MINFREEDISK)
Minimum free disk space in MB, once reached triggers auto shut down (default =
--cache.gc converted to MB, 0 = disabled)
--db.engine value ($GETH_DB_ENGINE)
Backing database implementation to use ('pebble' or 'leveldb')
--dolphin (default: false) ($GETH_DOLPHIN)
Dolphin test network
--eth.requiredblocks value ($GETH_ETH_REQUIREDBLOCKS)
Comma separated block number-to-hash mappings to require for peering
(<number>=<hash>)
--exitwhensynced (default: false) ($GETH_EXITWHENSYNCED)
Exits after block synchronisation completes
--mainnet (default: false) ($GETH_MAINNET)
Overprotocol mainnet
--networkid value (default: 0) ($GETH_NETWORKID)
Explicitly set network id (integer)(For testnets: use --dolphin instead)
--override.cancun value (default: 0) ($GETH_OVERRIDE_CANCUN)
Manually specify the Cancun fork timestamp, overriding the bundled setting
--override.verkle value (default: 0) ($GETH_OVERRIDE_VERKLE)
Manually specify the Verkle fork timestamp, overriding the bundled setting
--snapshot (default: true) ($GETH_SNAPSHOT)
Enables snapshot-database mode (default = enable)
GAS PRICE ORACLE
--gpo.blocks value (default: 20) ($GETH_GPO_BLOCKS)
Number of recent blocks to check for gas prices
--gpo.ignoreprice value (default: 2) ($GETH_GPO_IGNOREPRICE)
Gas price below which gpo will ignore transactions
--gpo.maxprice value (default: 500000000000) ($GETH_GPO_MAXPRICE)
Maximum transaction priority fee (or gasprice before London fork) to be
recommended by gpo
--gpo.percentile value (default: 60) ($GETH_GPO_PERCENTILE)
Suggested gas price is the given percentile of a set of recent transaction gas
prices
LOGGING AND DEBUGGING
--log.compress (default: false) ($GETH_LOG_COMPRESS)
Compress the log files
--log.file value ($GETH_LOG_FILE)
Write logs to a file
--log.format value ($GETH_LOG_FORMAT)
Log format to use (json|logfmt|terminal)
--log.maxage value (default: 30) ($GETH_LOG_MAXAGE)
Maximum number of days to retain a log file
--log.maxbackups value (default: 10) ($GETH_LOG_MAXBACKUPS)
Maximum number of log files to retain
--log.maxsize value (default: 100) ($GETH_LOG_MAXSIZE)
Maximum size in MBs of a single log file
--log.rotate (default: false) ($GETH_LOG_ROTATE)
Enables log file rotation
--log.vmodule value ($GETH_LOG_VMODULE)
Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>=<level> (e.g.
eth/*=5,p2p=4)
--nocompaction (default: false) ($GETH_NOCOMPACTION)
Disables db compaction after import
--pprof (default: false) ($GETH_PPROF)
Enable the pprof HTTP server
--pprof.addr value (default: "127.0.0.1") ($GETH_PPROF_ADDR)
pprof HTTP server listening interface
--pprof.blockprofilerate value (default: 0) ($GETH_PPROF_BLOCKPROFILERATE)
Turn on block profiling with the given rate
--pprof.cpuprofile value ($GETH_PPROF_CPUPROFILE)
Write CPU profile to the given file
--pprof.memprofilerate value (default: 524288) ($GETH_PPROF_MEMPROFILERATE)
Turn on memory profiling with the given rate
--pprof.port value (default: 6060) ($GETH_PPROF_PORT)
pprof HTTP server listening port
--remotedb value ($GETH_REMOTEDB)
URL for remote database
--trace value ($GETH_TRACE)
Write execution trace to the given file
--verbosity value (default: 3) ($GETH_VERBOSITY)
Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail
METRICS AND STATS
--ethstats value ($GETH_ETHSTATS)
Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@host:port)
--metrics (default: false) ($GETH_METRICS)
Enable metrics collection and reporting
--metrics.addr value ($GETH_METRICS_ADDR)
Enable stand-alone metrics HTTP server listening interface.
--metrics.influxdb (default: false) ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB)
Enable metrics export/push to an external InfluxDB database
--metrics.influxdb.bucket value (default: "geth") ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_BUCKET)
InfluxDB bucket name to push reported metrics to (v2 only)
--metrics.influxdb.database value (default: "geth") ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_DATABASE)
InfluxDB database name to push reported metrics to
--metrics.influxdb.endpoint value (default: "http://localhost:8086") ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_ENDPOINT)
InfluxDB API endpoint to report metrics to
--metrics.influxdb.organization value (default: "geth") ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_ORGANIZATION)
InfluxDB organization name (v2 only)
--metrics.influxdb.password value (default: "test") ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_PASSWORD)
Password to authorize access to the database
--metrics.influxdb.tags value (default: "host=localhost") ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_TAGS)
Comma-separated InfluxDB tags (key/values) attached to all measurements
--metrics.influxdb.token value (default: "test") ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_TOKEN)
Token to authorize access to the database (v2 only)
--metrics.influxdb.username value (default: "test") ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDB_USERNAME)
Username to authorize access to the database
--metrics.influxdbv2 (default: false) ($GETH_METRICS_INFLUXDBV2)
Enable metrics export/push to an external InfluxDB v2 database
--metrics.port value (default: 6060) ($GETH_METRICS_PORT)
Metrics HTTP server listening port.
Please note that --metrics.addr must be set
to start the server.
MINER
--miner.extradata value ($GETH_MINER_EXTRADATA)
Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version)
--miner.gaslimit value (default: 30000000) ($GETH_MINER_GASLIMIT)
Target gas ceiling for mined blocks
--miner.gasprice value (default: 1000000) ($GETH_MINER_GASPRICE)
Minimum gas price for mining a transaction
--miner.pending.feeRecipient value ($GETH_MINER_PENDING_FEERECIPIENT)
0x prefixed public address for the pending block producer (not used for actual
block production)
--miner.recommit value (default: 2s) ($GETH_MINER_RECOMMIT)
Time interval to recreate the block being mined
MISC
--help, -h (default: false)
show help
--synctarget value ($GETH_SYNCTARGET)
Hash of the block to full sync to (dev testing feature)
--version, -v (default: false)
print the version
NETWORKING
--bootnodes value ($GETH_BOOTNODES)
Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap
--discovery.dns value ($GETH_DISCOVERY_DNS)
Sets DNS discovery entry points (use "" to disable DNS)
--discovery.port value (default: 30303) ($GETH_DISCOVERY_PORT)
Use a custom UDP port for P2P discovery
--discovery.v4, --discv4 (default: false) ($GETH_DISCOVERY_V4)
Enables the V4 discovery mechanism
--discovery.v5, --discv5 (default: true) ($GETH_DISCOVERY_V5)
Enables the V5 discovery mechanism
--identity value ($GETH_IDENTITY)
Custom node name
--maxpeers value (default: 50) ($GETH_MAXPEERS)
Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if set to 0)
--maxpendpeers value (default: 0) ($GETH_MAXPENDPEERS)
Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults used if set to 0)
--nat value (default: "any") ($GETH_NAT)
NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|pmp:<IP>|extip:<IP>)
--netrestrict value ($GETH_NETRESTRICT)
Restricts network communication to the given IP networks (CIDR masks)
--nodekey value ($GETH_NODEKEY)
P2P node key file
--nodekeyhex value ($GETH_NODEKEYHEX)
P2P node key as hex (for testing)
--nodiscover (default: false) ($GETH_NODISCOVER)
Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition)
--port value (default: 30303) ($GETH_PORT)
Network listening port
PERFORMANCE TUNING
--cache value (default: 1024) ($GETH_CACHE)
Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching (default = 4096 mainnet full
node, 128 light mode)
--cache.blocklogs value (default: 32) ($GETH_CACHE_BLOCKLOGS)
Size (in number of blocks) of the log cache for filtering
--cache.database value (default: 50) ($GETH_CACHE_DATABASE)
Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for database io
--cache.gc value (default: 25) ($GETH_CACHE_GC)
Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie pruning (default = 25% full
mode, 0% archive mode)
--cache.noprefetch (default: false) ($GETH_CACHE_NOPREFETCH)
Disable heuristic state prefetch during block import (less CPU and disk IO, more
time waiting for data)
--cache.preimages (default: false) ($GETH_CACHE_PREIMAGES)
Enable recording the SHA3/keccak preimages of trie keys
--cache.snapshot value (default: 10) ($GETH_CACHE_SNAPSHOT)
Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for snapshot caching (default = 10%
full mode, 20% archive mode)
--cache.trie value (default: 15) ($GETH_CACHE_TRIE)
Percentage of cache memory allowance to use for trie caching (default = 15% full
mode, 30% archive mode)
--crypto.kzg value (default: "gokzg") ($GETH_CRYPTO_KZG)
KZG library implementation to use; gokzg (recommended) or ckzg
--fdlimit value (default: 0) ($GETH_FDLIMIT)
Raise the open file descriptor resource limit (default = system fd limit)
STATE HISTORY MANAGEMENT
--gcmode value (default: "full") ($GETH_GCMODE)
Blockchain garbage collection mode, only relevant in state.scheme=hash ("full",
"archive")
--history.state value (default: 90000) ($GETH_HISTORY_STATE)
Number of recent blocks to retain state history for (default = 90,000 blocks, 0
= entire chain)
--history.transactions value (default: 2350000) ($GETH_HISTORY_TRANSACTIONS)
Number of recent blocks to maintain transactions index for (default = about one
year, 0 = entire chain)
--state.scheme value ($GETH_STATE_SCHEME)
Scheme to use for storing ethereum state ('hash' or 'path')
--syncmode value (default: snap) ($GETH_SYNCMODE)
Blockchain sync mode ("snap" or "full")
TRANSACTION POOL (BLOB)
--blobpool.datacap value (default: 2684354560) ($GETH_BLOBPOOL_DATACAP)
Disk space to allocate for pending blob transactions (soft limit)
--blobpool.datadir value (default: "blobpool") ($GETH_BLOBPOOL_DATADIR)
Data directory to store blob transactions in
--blobpool.pricebump value (default: 100) ($GETH_BLOBPOOL_PRICEBUMP)
Price bump percentage to replace an already existing blob transaction
TRANSACTION POOL (EVM)
--txpool.accountqueue value (default: 64) ($GETH_TXPOOL_ACCOUNTQUEUE)
Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account
--txpool.accountslots value (default: 16) ($GETH_TXPOOL_ACCOUNTSLOTS)
Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account
--txpool.globalqueue value (default: 1024) ($GETH_TXPOOL_GLOBALQUEUE)
Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for all accounts
--txpool.globalslots value (default: 5120) ($GETH_TXPOOL_GLOBALSLOTS)
Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts
--txpool.journal value (default: "transactions.rlp") ($GETH_TXPOOL_JOURNAL)
Disk journal for local transaction to survive node restarts
--txpool.lifetime value (default: 3h0m0s) ($GETH_TXPOOL_LIFETIME)
Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued
--txpool.locals value ($GETH_TXPOOL_LOCALS)
Comma separated accounts to treat as locals (no flush, priority inclusion)
--txpool.nolocals (default: false) ($GETH_TXPOOL_NOLOCALS)
Disables price exemptions for locally submitted transactions
--txpool.pricebump value (default: 10) ($GETH_TXPOOL_PRICEBUMP)
Price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction
--txpool.pricelimit value (default: 1) ($GETH_TXPOOL_PRICELIMIT)
Minimum gas price tip to enforce for acceptance into the pool
--txpool.rejournal value (default: 1h0m0s) ($GETH_TXPOOL_REJOURNAL)
Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journal
VIRTUAL MACHINE
--vmdebug (default: false) ($GETH_VMDEBUG)
Record information useful for VM and contract debugging
--vmtrace value ($GETH_VMTRACE)
Name of tracer which should record internal VM operations (costly)
--vmtrace.jsonconfig value (default: "{}") ($GETH_VMTRACE_JSONCONFIG)
Tracer configuration (JSON)
COPYRIGHT:
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